Diabetes is a condition that requires careful management, not only through diet and insulin or pills, but also by knowing what other medications can interfere with blood sugar levels. Some common medications, both over-the-counter and prescription, can raise blood sugar or affect the effectiveness of diabetes medications, increasing the risk of complications. Here are four medications you should avoid or use only under close medical supervision if you have diabetes.
1. Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisolone, Dexamethasone)
Why to avoid them:
Steroids are commonly prescribed for conditions such as allergies, asthma, arthritis, and inflammation. However, they can significantly raise blood sugar levels by increasing the body’s resistance to insulin. Even short-term use can cause spikes, and long-term use can make diabetes difficult to control.
What to do:
If your doctor prescribes steroids, tell them about your diabetes. They may adjust your diabetes medications or switch you to a lower dose or alternative treatment.
2. Certain antibiotics (e.g., fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin)
Why to avoid them:
Some antibiotics, especially a group called fluoroquinolones, can cause unpredictable swings in blood sugar levels, which can lead to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) or hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). They are used for urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, etc.
What to do:
Always tell your doctor you’re diabetic when prescribing an antibiotic. You could opt for safer alternatives, such as penicillins or cephalosporins, whenever possible.
3. Decongestants (e.g., pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine)
Why to avoid:
Many cold and flu medications contain decongestants that help relieve nasal congestion. However, these ingredients can increase blood sugar and blood pressure. They are often found in combination cold pills and syrups.
What to do:
Read labels carefully when purchasing over-the-counter cold medications. Choose saline nasal sprays or steam inhalation. Always ask your pharmacist about a safe option for diabetes.
4. Certain birth control pills (high-dose estrogen)
Why to avoid:
Some older or high-dose birth control pills can slightly raise blood sugar levels and increase insulin resistance. Although modern low-dose pills have a lesser effect, it is important for diabetic women to consult their doctor about birth control options.
What to do:
If you need birth control, talk to your doctor about low-dose pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs), or other safer methods that don’t significantly affect your blood sugar levels.
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